Elastic Embedded Single Pile by the Program GEO Tools

Piles in groups are often subject to both axial and lateral loads. Designers into the mid-1960s usually assumed piles could carry only axial loads; lateral loads were carried by batter piles, where the lateral load was a component of the axial load in those piles. Graphical methods were used to find the individual pile loads in a group, and the resulting force polygon could close only if there were batter piles for the lateral loads.